Comments: PAT *dadV; PAK *t:at:á. A nursery word, but demonstrating regular correspondences. It is usually used in a reduplicated form; but cf. also Abkh. di,dia ( *dVjV ~ *t:VjV) 'mummy'.
Comments: PAT *-da (an interrogative suffix meaning 'who' in verbal forms); PAK *t:a- - an interrogative stem, used in several pronouns (Ad. ta-da,tǝ-da 'where', tā-r 'which', Kab. da-na 'where', da-pśa 'how much', dar 'which'); Ub. da-,dʁa- - an interrogative prefix ('how', 'in which way').
Comments: PAT *qʷǝda (cf. also Bz. á-χʷda); PAK *t:ǝ́q:ǝ (in the first part of the compound - PAK *pśa 'neck'). The PAT form is metathesized (cf. the external parallels); otherwise the correspondences are fully regular.
Comments: PAT *qamǝ (cf. also Bzyb. a-χamǝ́). Ub. has tχ- because the cluster tq- ( < *tq:-) is prohibited in Ub.; PWC *q:- is reconstructed on basis of PAT *q- (a weak *q- would give PAT *ħ-).
Comments: Cf. also Bzyb. á-χʷa; Ad., Kab. tχʷǝ-n (with Ablaut) "become grey (of hair). PAT *qʷa, PAK *tχʷa/*tχʷǝ. The cluster *tq:ʷ- may in fact have been *rq:ʷ- or *lq:ʷ- (since the number of clusters in PWC is restricted), which would be a better match for the EC forms.
Comments: The first part of the Ub. compound is ǵǝ- 'heart, middle'. The second part has no parallels in WC (which is why the reconstruction is rather tentative), but has rather reliable EC parallels. The initial T- is probably a (class) prefix.
Comments: PAT *tV- 'to be inside' (also used as a preverb), cf. Abkh. a-tá-la-ra 'enter', Abaz. ta-l-ra id., ta-pa-ra 'jump inside' etc. The root is used also as a noun stem in *tV-ra 'place where' (Abkh. a-t-rá, Abaz. ta-ra ).
PAK *tǝ- (usually with preverbs) 'be, stay, stand'; also used as a preverb "upon the surface of smth.".
In Ub. the root -t(ǝ)- is used as a variant of tʷǝ- 'to be' in some forms (see Vogt 16, 194); historically these are two quite different roots (see PWC *ṕǝ-).
Meaning:1 to rake up, shovel up 2 to tear off, tear away
Abkhaz:ajzǝ́-ħʷħʷa-ra 1
Abaza:az-ħʷħʷa-ra 1
Adyghe:tχʷǝ-n 1
Kabardian:tχʷǝ-n 1
Ubykh:tχʷ(ǝ)- 2
Comments: PAT *ħʷa (with emphatic gemination, used only with reciprocal and versional prefixes); PAK *tχʷǝ-. The Ub. stem is used only with preverbs (ja-tχʷ-, ʁa-tχʷ- etc., see Vogt 191), and is somewhat dubious semantically. See Abdokov 1973, 68; Shagirov 2, 78.
Comments: The Ub. root ṭa- is isolated (ṭa-ḳ́ may be an old singulative form; about -ć̣ see *ć̣A - Ub. ṭa-, inspite Shagirov 2, 125, can have nothing to do with this root), but has rather probable EC parallels.
